这里我整理一下国内较知名的镜像站点，供大家在生产测试环境中使用。
一、如何修改源
Debian系的源一般都是由
/etc/apt/sources.list
文件提供，默认内容为：
root@debian:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20200803T070000Z buster main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main
# deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/20200803T070000Z buster/updates main
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main
# deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20200803T070000Z buster-updates main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main
所以可以使用的方法有两个
- 第一个就是只替换域名
- 第二个则是全替换
然后替换源还涉及到一个问题就是：由于默认不支持引用https源，所以如果你要替换的源是通过https的，那么就需要先提前安装下面的包：
在安装之前如果觉得速度慢可以先添加http的源，命令如下：
在替换之前，建议先进行当前源备份
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main
# buster-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
EOF
执行效果：
配置修改完成之后，执行源更新
apt update
执行效果
然后就可以安装https源依赖了，当前，此时你的源已经是国内加速源了，没有必要纠结用http和https，不过如果你必须要使用https的话就执行下面的命令
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
然后可能会提示下面的内容：
大概意思就是没有这个命令（sudo），那这时候我们可以直接删除sudo，使用下面的命令
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
或者安装sudo命令
apt install -y sudo
执行效果：
然后再执行上一条命令：
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
然后就安装成功了
此时无论是https还是http源都没问题了，下面附上国内常用的几大Debian10镜像加速源
网易163源
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
EOF
华为云镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
EOF
腾讯云镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
EOF
中科大镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
EOF
阿里云镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
EOF
清华大学镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
EOF
兰州大学镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
EOF
上海交大镜像站
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
EOF
结语
一个系统可以同时使用多个源，但是不建议那么做，如果想同时使用多个源只需要在已有源的基础上追加即可，另外还可以在下面这个目录新建独立源配置文件
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
例如我想同时使用中科大跟网易的源，然后网易的源我想做个独立配置文件，那么就可以这样改
PS:源文件后缀名为.list
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/163.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
EOF
可以看到，此时网易163跟中科大的源是同时存在的
最后附上全球镜像站列表：
Debian全球镜像站