写这篇文章的缘由

由于麒麟系统自带的Python版本是3.5.2，在Python3.6之前的版本都不支持f" {变量名}"的语法格式，导致在安装一些较新的模块的时候，会因为这个问题导致安装失败，其中pyinstaller就是如此

解决方案

在使用pip3命令安装模块的时候，是可以指定模块版本的，所以我们只需要在安装的时候指定版本即可

由于Python3的模块大多采用多层引用的方法，很少有纯模块，所以我们在安装的时候系统也会自动安装所依赖的模块，如果不指定依赖模块的版本，那么系统就会安装最新版本，如果依赖的版本使用了f"变量名"的语法，就会导致全部模块
都装不上

举个例子

错误的安装方法

pip3 install pyinstaller==3.6.0

安装效果

gxxc@gxxc-CE520F:~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages$ pip3 install pyinstaller==3.6.0
Collecting pyinstaller==3.6.0
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/c9/c3f9bc64eb11eee6a824686deba6129884c8cbdf70e750661773b9865ee0/PyInstaller-3.6.tar.gz
Collecting setuptools (from pyinstaller==3.6.0)
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 346, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 787, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connection.py", line 266, in connect
    ssl_version=resolved_ssl_version)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 305, in ssl_wrap_socket
    return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 377, in wrap_socket
    _context=self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 752, in __init__
    self.do_handshake()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 988, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 633, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
socket.timeout: _ssl.c:629: The handshake operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 560, in urlopen
    body=body, headers=headers)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 349, in _make_request
    self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 309, in _raise_timeout
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 328, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 360, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 512, in _prepare_file
    finder, self.upgrade, require_hashes)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 273, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 442, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 400, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 545, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 648, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 757, in get_page
    "Cache-Control": "max-age=600",
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 492, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 378, in request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 480, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 588, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 46, in send
    resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/adapters.py", line 376, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 610, in urlopen
    _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 238, in increment
    total -= 1
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'Retry' and 'int'

正确的安装方法

pip3 install pyinstaller==3.6.0 setuptools==30.1.0

安装效果

gxxc@gxxc-CE520F:~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages$ pip3 install pyinstaller==3.6.0 setuptools==30.1.0
Collecting pyinstaller==3.6.0
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/c9/c3f9bc64eb11eee6a824686deba6129884c8cbdf70e750661773b9865ee0/PyInstaller-3.6.tar.gz
Collecting setuptools==30.1.0
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/2b/6fb5c6988b062144d4d0fd5c31cd9ff74ce8ff55e1ee2a043efff49f0c91/setuptools-30.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting altgraph (from pyinstaller==3.6.0)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/84/3f/1a5c9bef54cac9bf41edd6f4aaf61cd52ed578e10ccc607e0278012cb4a5/altgraph-0.17.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: pyinstaller
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for pyinstaller ... done
  Stored in directory: /home/gxxc/.cache/pip/wheels/62/fe/62/4c0f196d1e0dd689e097449bc81d7d585a7de7dd86b081b80b
Successfully built pyinstaller
Installing collected packages: setuptools, altgraph, pyinstaller
Successfully installed altgraph-0.17.2 pyinstaller-3.6 setuptools-30.1.0

也就是说这个模块所需的全部依赖都要安装旧版本，否则会因为新版语法导致安装失败